
Optimisation of Vitamin D Status for Enhanced Immuno-protection Against Covid-19
A 4 page journal worth a 10 minute read.
Authors: McCartney and Byrne suggest:
Vitamin D and Covid-19 Correction of vitamin D deficiency is thought to suppress CD26, a putative adhesion molecule for Covid-19 host cell invasion. Vitamin D may also reduce interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inflammatory responses, both potent predictors of poorer outcome in critically-ill ventilated patients including those with Covid-19.
We recommend that all older adults, hospital inpatients, nursing home residents and other vulnerable groups (e.g. those with diabetes mellitus or compromised immune function, those with darker skin, vegetarians and vegans, those who are overweight or obese, smokers and healthcare workers) be urgently supplemented with 20-50μg/d of vitamin D to enhance their resistance to Covid-19, and that this advice be quickly extended to the general adult population.
Optimisation of Vitamin D Status for Enhanced Immun-protection Against Covid-19
Antihypertensive Drugs and Risk of COVID-19?
Lei Fang and colleagues extrapolated results from a molecular study of coronaviruses, which showed that this group of viruses uses angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) to target cells on the epithelium of the lungs, intestine, kidneys, and blood vessels. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), would probably share these properties.
Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19?
Are Patients with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus at Increased Risk for COVID-19 Infection?
Human pathogenic coronaviruses (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV] and SARSCoV-2) bind to their target cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), which is expressed by epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, and blood vessels. The expression of ACE2 is substantially increased in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, who are treated with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type-I receptor blockers (ARBs).
Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?
Formula 2 Multivitamin

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Discover Herbalife Formula 2 Vitamin & Mineral Complex, your easy route to 24 nutrients to support what your body needs. It contains essential vitamins and minerals in just the right amounts, to target and nourish your daily health needs.
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- Provides the optimal amount of key vitamins and minerals that your body needs
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- Contains Vitamin’s A & C which contribute to the normal function of the immune system
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Vitamin & Mineral Complex Women
- Tailored to the individual health needs of women
- Provides the optimal amount of 24 key nutrients that your body needs
- Developed by experts in nutrition and backed by proven science
- Formulated to work in conjunction with your favourite Herbalife Formula 1 shake
- Contains Vitamin B6 which contributes to the regulation of hormonal activity
- Includes Vitamin B12 to contribute to normal energy-yielding metabolism
- Contains Calcium which is needed for the maintenance of normal bones
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Oat beta-glucan has been shown to lower/reduce blood cholesterol. High cholesterol is a risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Beta-glucans contribute to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels. The beneficial effect is obtained with a daily intake of 3g of oat beta-glucan.
Beta heart® is a nutritious vanilla-flavoured powder that contains the key ingredient OatWell™ oat beta-glucan. Oat beta-glucan has been shown to lower or maintain blood cholesterol.

Key Benefits
- 3 g of oat beta-glucans help to lower cholesterol* (2 scoops)
- 1.5 g oat beta-glucans help to maintain cholesterol** (1 scoop)
- Sugar-free
- With no artificial sweeteners
- High in fibre (3 g per scoop)
- Source of protein
- 25 kcal per scoop
Beta heart® is approved by cholesterol charity HEART UK, who provide expert support, guidance and education on cholesterol. HEART UK operates a product approval scheme to help signpost the public to heart-healthy foods that can play a positive role in helping manage their cholesterol. Coronary heart disease has multiple risk factors and altering one of these risk factors may or may not have a beneficial effect.
HEART UK Charity Registration Number 1003904.
See the complete range of products available, from weight loss to weight gain, sports and skin products together with your personal wellness coach, your daily food plan will be healthy, balanced and nutritious. stevewalsh.goherbalife.com
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Best wishes,

Steve Walsh
Nutrition & Health B.A. (Hons)
Liverpool Hope University
